{"id":58827,"date":"2024-10-17T13:48:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T17:48:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cleo.on.ca\/?post_type=publications-page&#038;p=58827"},"modified":"2025-06-11T14:49:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T18:49:28","slug":"contractions","status":"publish","type":"publications-page","link":"https:\/\/www.cleo.on.ca\/en\/publications-page\/contractions","title":{"rendered":"Contractions"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"overview\">Overview<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> In this version of the style guide, we\u2019ve changed our approach to contractions. So some of our older content does not reflect what we say in this section.<\/p>\n<p>Using contractions sets a more conversational and less formal tone.<\/p>\n<p>But we must always think about the needs of our readers. For that reason, we have guidelines for using them.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Contractions <\/strong>section of <a href=\"https:\/\/readabilityguidelines.co.uk\/grammar-points\/contractions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Content Design London\u2019s \u2013 Readability Guidelines<\/a> has more detailed instructions. We based our approach on their recommendations.<\/p>\n<p>If you do not see a contraction listed in this section, it\u2019s likely one that\u2019s less common and more complex. So it\u2019s best to avoid using it.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"use-simple-positive-contractions\">Use simple positive contractions<\/h2>\n<p>Use <strong>simple positive<\/strong> contractions, such as:<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns no-gap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><ul>\n<li>I\u2019m<\/li>\n<li>it\u2019s<\/li>\n<li>I\u2019ll<\/li>\n<li>there\u2019s<\/li>\n<li>they\u2019re<\/li>\n<li>we\u2019ll<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><ul>\n<li>we\u2019re<\/li>\n<li>what\u2019s<\/li>\n<li>where\u2019s<\/li>\n<li>who\u2019s<\/li>\n<li>you\u2019re<\/li>\n<li>you\u2019ll<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><h2 id=\"avoid-complex-and-conditional-contractions\">Avoid complex and conditional contractions<\/h2>\n<p>Avoid <strong>complex and conditional <\/strong>contractions. People with cognitive challenges or lower literacy levels find it hard to recognize and understand contractions that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>are used less often, and<\/li>\n<li>convey a complex tense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Avoid <strong>complex and conditional<\/strong> contractions, such as:<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns no-gap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><ul>\n<li>could\u2019ve<\/li>\n<li>I\u2019ve<\/li>\n<li>should\u2019ve<\/li>\n<li>there\u2019ll<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><ul>\n<li>they\u2019ll<\/li>\n<li>they\u2019ve<\/li>\n<li>would\u2019ve<\/li>\n<li>you\u2019ve<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><h2 id=\"avoid-negative-contractions\">Avoid negative contractions<\/h2>\n<p>Research shows that many readers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>find negative contractions difficult to read<\/li>\n<li>misread them as the opposite of what they say<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Even people with higher literacy levels can misread negative contractions. This can happen when they are rushed, stressed, or multi-tasking.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Avoid <strong>negative<\/strong> contractions, such as:<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns no-gap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><ul>\n<li>aren\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>can\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>didn\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>doesn\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>don\u2019t<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><ul>\n<li>hasn\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>isn\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>shouldn\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>weren\u2019t<\/li>\n<li>wouldn\u2019t<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><p>It\u2019s most important to avoid negative contractions in our public legal information content, for example, in our printed booklets and on Steps to Justice.<\/p>\n<p>In other writing, you can choose to use them if you\u2019re confident that your readers will not find them challenging. But remember, readers at all levels can misread them.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"contractions-in-legal-writing\">Contractions in legal writing<\/h2>\n<p>Using contractions is becoming more accepted in many types of writing. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/kimblewritingseminars.com\/about-joseph-kimble\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joe Kimble<\/a> advocates using them in legal writing. See <a href=\"https:\/\/judicature.duke.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/REDLINES-Vol106No3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The case for contractions<\/a> in <strong>Judicature<\/strong>, Vol. 6, No. 3 (2023).<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-58827","publications-page","type-publications-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Contractions - CLEO (Community Legal Education Ontario \/ \u00c9ducation juridique communautaire Ontario)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cleo.on.ca\/en\/publications-page\/contractions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Contractions - CLEO (Community Legal Education Ontario \/ \u00c9ducation juridique communautaire Ontario)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Overview Note: In this version of the style guide, we\u2019ve changed our approach to contractions. 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